Page 197 - GLOBAL TOURISM CHALLENGES IN 21st CENTURY
P. 197

RFFXSDWLRQDO VHJUHJDWLRQ         LQ      DV RSSRVHG WR         7KLV GURS LQ WKH YDOXH
                        RI  WKH  LQGH[  LV  FRQVLGHUDEOH   EXW  LW  LV  DOVR  WR  EH  H[SHFWHG  RQ  DFFRXQW  RI  WKH  ORZHU
                        QXPEHU RI VHFWRUV WKDQ RFFXSDWLRQV  7KH      UDQNLQJ E\ FRXQWULHV VKRZV WKDW VHYHQ
                        FRXQWULHV  FKDQJH  JURXS  ZLWK  UHVSHFW  WR  WKHLU  UDQNLQJ  IRU  RFFXSDWLRQDO  VHJUHJDWLRQ
                        PDLQO\  IURP  WKH  µKLJK¶  WR  WKH  µPLGGOH¶  VHJUHJDWLRQ  JURXS   +RZHYHU   WKH  WRS  IRXU
                        FRXQWULHV IRU RFFXSDWLRQDO VHJUHJDWLRQ DUH DOVR IRXQG LQ WKH KLJK VHFWRUDO VHJUHJDWLRQ
                        JURXS  DQG FRQYHUVHO\ IRU WKH ERWWRP IRXU FRXQWULHV  6LQFH       VHFWRUDO VHJUHJDWLRQ
                        KDV  GLVSOD\HG  D  VRPHZKDW   PRUH   PDUNHG  XSZDUG  WUHQG  WKDW  KDV    RFFXSDWLRQ
                        VHJUHJDWLRQ   ZLWK  DQ  RYHUDOO  LQFUHDVH  IRU  WKH  (8     RI      SHUFHQWDJH  SRLQWV
                        2QO\ VHYHQ FRXQWULHV UHFRUG D GHFUHDVH  'HVHJUHJDWLQJ  FRXQWULHV  LQFOXGH  $XVWULD
                        3RUWXJDO     0DOWD   'HQPDUN   6ZHGHQ   WKH  8.   WKH  1HWKHUODQGV  DQG  6ORYHQLD   DOO  RI
                        ZKLFK  H[FHSW  IRU  3RUWXJDO  KDYLQJ  DOVR  H[SHULHQFHG  QHDU    VWDELOLW\    RU  IDVW  GH
                        VHJUHJDWLRQ  RI  RFFXSDWLRQV  2YHUDOO  WKHVH ILQGLQJV DUH QRW LQFRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKRVH IRU
                        RFFXSDWLRQDO  VHJUHJDWLRQ   EXW  WKH\  FRQILUP  WKDW  QRW  PXFK  LQIRUPDWLRQ  LV  JDLQHG  E\
                        FRQVLGHULQJ VHFWRUV  %HWWLR DQG 9HUDVKFKDJLQD
                           7KH  H[LVWLQJ  OLWHUDWXUH  VXJJHVWV  ODUJH  DQG  SHUVLVWHQW  JHQGHU  GLIIHUHQFHV  LQ  WKH
                        GLVWULEXWLRQ RI MREV W\SLFDOO\ SHUIRUPHG E\ PHQ DQG ZRPHQ LQ DOO UHJLRQV RI WKH ZRUOG
                        DOWKRXJK  WKH GHJUHH RI RFFXSDWLRQDO KRUL]RQWDO VHJUHJDWLRQ E\ JHQGHU KDV H[KLELWHG D
                        VXEVWDQWLDO  GHFUHDVH  LQ  UHFHQW  GHFDGHV   'HXWVFK  HW  DO           7]DQQDWRV
                        %DXQDFK
                                 $QNHU HW DO         6HP\RQRY DQG -RQHV
                           %ODFNEXUQ  DQG  -DUPDQ          QRWH  WKH  SDUDGR[LFDO  FDVH  IRU  VRPH  GHYHORSHG
                        FRXQWULHV   H J    6ZHGHQ  DQG  )LQODQG   RI  KLJK  OHYHOV  RI  KRUL]RQWDO  VHJUHJDWLRQ  E\
                        JHQGHU FR H[LVWLQJ ZLWK KLJK GHJUHHV RI JHQGHU HTXDOLW\ DQG VPDOO JHQGHU SD\ JDSV  ,Q
                        VKRUW   WKH\  H[SODLQ  WKDW    DOWKRXJK    ZRPHQ    DQG    PHQ    HQMR\    HTXDO  DFFHVV  WR
                        HGXFDWLRQ  DQG  WUDLQLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHV  IHPDOH FDUHHU SDWKV WHQG WR VSHFLDOL]H LQ IHPDOH
                        GRPLQDWHG MREV ZKHUH WKHLU  DFFHVV  WR  PDQDJHULDO  SRVLWLRQV  LV  KLJKHU   ,Q WKLV ZD\
                        KLJK  OHYHOV  RI  KRUL]RQWDO  VHJUHJDWLRQ  PD\  EH  SRVVLEOH  ZLWK  KLJK  OHYHOV  RI  JHQGHU
                        HTXDOLW\  LQ  WHUPV  RI  JHQGHU  SD\  JDSV  DQG  IHPDOH  UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ  LQ  PDQDJHULDO
                        SRVLWLRQV  'XULQJ WKH ODVW GHFDGH QHZ SDWWHUQV KDYH HPHUJHG  %HWWLR   9HUDVKFKDJLQD
                               7KH 1RUGLF ZHOIDUH VWDWHV FDQ QR ORQJHU EH UHJDUGHG DV WKH VWURQJHVW JHQGHU
                        VHJUHJDWHG ODERXU PDUNHWV  (OOLQJVDHWHU
                           +LVWRULFDOO\  WKHUH  LV  SDUDGR[  WKDW  VRPH  FRXQWULHV  OLNH  6FDQGLQDYLDQ  KDYH  KLJK
                        GLVVLPLODULW\  LQGLFHV  DQG  ORZ  SHUFHQWDJH  RI  JHQGHU  SD\  JDS   :H WU\  WR  FRQWLQXH  LQ
                        H[SODQDWLRQ  E\  LQYHVWLJDWLQJ  RIILFLDO  GDWD   KRZ  PXFK  KRUL]RQWDO  VHJUHJDWLRQ  FDQ
                        H[SODLQ JHQGHU SD\ JDS

                           0HWKRGRORJ\ DQG GDWD

                        'XULQJ WKLV VWXG\ ZH KDYH LPSOHPHQWHG D YDULHW\ RI WHFKQLTXHV DQG PHWKRGV LQ RUGHU
                        WR PDS WKH FXUUHQW VLWXDWLRQ LQ (8 FRQFHUQLQJ WKH VH[ VHJUHJDWLRQ LQ YDULRXV HFRQRPLF
                        DFWLYLWLHV DQG LWV UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK *3*
                           7KH GLVVLPLODULW\ LQGH[  '  ILUVWO\ LQWURGXFHG E\ 'XQFDQ DQG 'XQFDQ        LV D
                        PHDVXUH  RI  ³HPSOR\PHQW  GLVVLPLODULW\´  WKDW  FDQ  EH  XVHG  WR  DQDO\]H  HPSOR\PHQW
                        GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ DQ\ WZR JURXSV RI ZRUNHUV  7KH LQGH[ ' UDQJHV EHWZHHQ   WR
                        ZLWK   LQGLFDWLQJ LGHQWLFDO GLVWULEXWLRQ RI ZRUNHUV  PHQ DQG ZRPHQ  DFURVV VHFWRU RU
                        RFFXSDWLRQDO FDWHJRULHV DQG   LQGLFDWLQJ FRPSOHWH GLVVLPLODULW\ LQ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI
                        ZRUNHUV   ,Q  DGGLWLRQ   WKLV  TXDQWLWDWLYH  PHDVXUH  LQGLFDWHV  WKH  SHUFHQWDJH  RI  PHQ  RU





                                                             ϭϵϬ
   192   193   194   195   196   197   198   199   200   201   202